• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A procedure for the monitoring, evaluation and prediction of the state of fishing and shellfish banks is presented. To achieve this goal, data are required from two main sources: data of daily activity (daily catches, size of catches, etc.) and information on biological parameters involved in the growth, reproduction, and natural mortality rate of the resource. Through the use of different sensors, the acquisition of this information does not involve additional work for producers and managers. The procedure requires, among other steps, the daily weighing of the catches, the identification of the size of the individuals caught through artificial vision techniques, and the storage of the routes followed by the producers to know the exploited area. The result is the current state of the bank, that is, its content in quantity, size structure and reproductive capacity, and therefore, it can predict the bank's status in the future. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2685331A2
    申请号:ES201700464
    申请日:2017-03-31
    公开日:2018-10-08
    发明作者:Luis José FERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ；Ignacio ALBORÉS BLANES；Patricia VERÍSIMO AMOR；José Ramón PARAMA GABIA；Marcos Ortega Hortas
    申请人:Universidade da Coruna；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Procedure for monitoring, evaluation and prediction of the state of fishing and shellfish banks
    Object of the invention
    A procedure is presented for monitoring, evaluation and prediction of the state of fishing and shellfish banks.
    To achieve this goal, data from two main sources are required: data on the activity carried out in the bank (daily catches, size of catches, etc.) and information on biological parameters involved in growth, reproduction, and natural mortality rate of the resource Thanks to the use of different sensors of an ICT (Information and Communications Technology) system, the acquisition of this information does not imply additional work for the bank's producers and managers.
    The procedure requires, among other steps, the daily heavy catches, the identification of the size of the individuals caught by artificial vision techniques, and the storage of the routes followed by the producers to know the area exploited. The result is the current state of the bank, that is, its content in quantity, size structure and reproductive capacity, and therefore, can predict what the state of the bank will be in the future.
    Technical sector
    The procedure is applicable to the fishing / shellfish sector. The process automates the evaluation and monitoring of fishing and shellfish banks. At present this process is very unprofessional and lacking in reliability. This procedure improves the management of shellfish and fishing banks so that a sustainable exploitation of the resource, and even a more beneficial exploitation can be guaranteed.
    Thanks to this procedure, a manager can determine the amount of resource that can be extracted without damaging the reproductive capacity of the bank, and thereby guarantee its continued continuity over time. In addition, given that the procedure predicts the size structure, the manager can carry out an exploitation plan that guarantees the obtaining of larger size catches in the future, and therefore normally of greater commercial value.
    The process developed shows great potential for application to a multitude of different fishing and shellfish resources, with great flexibility and adaptability both in terms of the resource, as well as the size and characteristics of its exploitation.
    Background of the invention
    The management of artisanal fisheries and shellfish in the national territory is based on a system of measures such as catch quotas, number of days of exploitation, minimum catch size, etc., which, in general, do not comply with robust scientific criteria . Small-scale fisheries and shellfish are generally managed based on catch data from previous campaigns, completed in some cases through stock assessments, whose methodology differs between zones and brotherhoods, but also according to time and campaigns, in relation to with the changes that may occur in the technical and management teams.
    In any case, the evaluations, when they exist, are deficient given the limited capacity of the brotherhoods, cooperatives and associations, in general, to carry them out, both in terms of the availability of time and human resources and the absence of
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    necessary tools, in general, and in particular the absence of proven protocols. Likewise, the monitoring of the exploitation of fishery resources is clearly improved, especially in terms of characterization of the composition of the catches and the effort used to obtain them. Both the evaluation of the stocks of fishery and shellfish resources, as well as the monitoring of their exploitation, are key aspects for the management and sustainability of the resource, which demand improvement measures and, in turn, require collaboration between the productive sector and The scientific community.
    Fishing and shellfish are intense and hard activities in which great efforts are made during periods concentrated in time. In addition to the extraction work itself, producers (fishermen and shellfish) are conditioned by market requirements to take their catch to established outlets. These circumstances make it very difficult for producers to collaborate to carry out tasks related to the collection of information for stock assessment and monitoring of extractive activity.
    Thus, normally, the evaluation is carried out by hired technicians to, among other tasks, carry out said evaluation, which implies a cost for the managers that many times they cannot face. It is a manual process normally performed by biologists. The most common method is to sample a known surface at different points in the fishing area or shellfish bank, manually determine for each individual in the sample their weight with a scale and their size with a caliber, and record this data on a sheet Calculation To establish the amount of resources that will be allowed to be collected in the following campaign, the evaluation data is used, and raw data from the catches in previous campaigns to which simple mathematical formulas will apply. For this purpose, there are usually spreadsheets that apply the aforementioned mathematical formulas on manually entered data.
    Description of the invention
    A minimally invasive procedure has been developed in the daily work of the producers, which integrates the catch and effort data made, and the information obtained by the managers' technicians, thus allowing to know, in an automatic way, the state of the resource that They explode in the present moment or in the future. The procedure requires an ICT system equipped with various sensors that provide the necessary information to achieve its objective.
    The procedure introduces numerous advantages with respect to the prior art. The process developed provides immediate and georeferenced information on the density, abundance, population structure, and reproductive potential of the resource. It also provides essential information on the strategy of exploitation of the resource, of great interest to compare the production data against the effort made. In addition, it will automatically feed databases with reliable and standardized information between different organizations, fishing campaigns and exploitation areas, so that they can be used to perform more complex analyzes.
    Producers and managers may collect information without disturbing their daily activity, thus optimizing the use of protocols and devices in different fishermen's associations and for different resources. This procedure is a starting point for the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge into tangible tools with high transfer potential, both to the industrial sector and to the administrations, to advance in the direction of sustainable management of marine resources through innovation.
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    The procedure is divided into the following phases:
    1. Acquisition of information
    In this phase, each step must feed the ICT system with information. It has two subphases:
    1.1. Initial phase: characterization of the fishing bank, of the biology of the resource, and sampling for the evaluation of its status:
    1. Traditional ecological knowledge of fishermen, which includes data on the oceanographic characteristics of the bank, the composition of resources it contains, and its limits at different times. Using a geographic information system, the different aspects of the bank can be plotted (graphically) on a real map of the area.
    2. Scientific knowledge, which includes formulas on the growth of the species, on its reproductive potential and its natural mortality rate. These formulas, based on an initial number of individuals of each size and a time interval, obtain the amount of individuals that will die is that time interval (by sizes), the number of living individuals that will be at the end of the interval (by sizes), how many of them have reproductive capacity, and what is this depending on their size.
    3. Sampling performed by qualified technical personnel before each fishing campaign, optimized by artificial vision techniques, that provides information on the status of the resource at a time.
    1.2. Daily monitoring of extractive activity:
    4. Each producer (person or fishing vessel) carries a GPS device that regularly emits its georeferenced position and speed, which is sent in real time to the ICT system via a wireless connection, where it is stored in a central database.
    5. When the task is finished, the producer takes his capture to an electronic scale (which is part of the ICT system) that weighs the amount collected. That amount is associated with the producer and is sent via a wireless connection to the central database.
    6. The ICT system analyzes the capture by counting how many individuals there are and their size by means of an automatic counting and measurement subsystem that implements image processing and artificial vision techniques adaptable to different environmental conditions (luminosity, humidity, salinity, etc.). An image capture device or other digital representation (for example, LIDAR) is connected to a computer that processes the digital representation through software that implements the appropriate artificial vision techniques to obtain the necessary measurements in the sample. The objective is to know how many individuals there are of each size in the total kilos collected by each producer, a key aspect to know the status of the resource and thus be able to predict its status in the future. The information is also sent by wireless connection to the central database.
    7. The ICT system automatically assigns the characteristics of the catches (weight, number of individuals and their sizes) to each extractive zone or point inside the bank. That is, after weighing and measuring the individuals of a capture of a producer (steps (5) and (6)), thanks to the fact that he carried out the task carrying a device
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    GPS, the system automatically assigns the capture to the extractive areas of the bank where the collector did his job.
    For this purpose, a complex algorithm discriminates the extractive activity from the non-extractive one, depending on the fishing gear or sampling used, in order to determine the precise area in which the catches have been obtained and the time taken to do so. For the analysis of the routes of the different producers, the ICT system must have an algorithm based on the speeds recorded at fixed intervals of time in the GPS, as well as the distance and heading between consecutive GPS points, which allows discriminating between waypoints that belong to resource search moments (collectors are moving between extraction zones) and route points that belong to resource extraction moments. In this way, the different groups of daily extraction points can be constructed for each producer, and the area and extraction time can be estimated from the groups of resource extraction points. In addition, the catches taken by each producer and day are assigned to each fishing zone individually, depending on the effort calculated by this system.
    2. Evaluation and prediction phase
    With the information introduced in the information acquisition phase, the ICT system executes an algorithm that estimates the state of the bank at a time, not just as a whole; The system can estimate, for different areas previously established through geographical information or traditional ecological knowledge, the amount of resource, the size structure of individuals and the total reproductive capacity of sexually mature individuals.
    For this purpose, the procedure makes use of an algorithm implemented in the ICT system. The algorithm allows to predict the status of the stock in a certain time from the known starting situation and introduced in step (3) of Phase 1.1. To that end, said algorithm incorporates scientific information collected in step (2) of Phase 1.1 on biological parameters involved in the growth of the resource in question, natural mortality rates, and reproductive parameters, such as the size of sexual maturity and fertility of females depending on their size. From this information, and the size structure known in the initial time introduced in step (3), an estimate can be made on how the stock will evolve taking into account the daily catches that are made throughout of time, and introduced in steps (5), (6) and (7) of Phase 1.2. The algorithm allows us to obtain objective information about the reproductive potential of the stock at any time depending on the size structure, the growth rate and the size of sexual maturity of the individuals that integrate it, discriminating between the part of the exploitable and non-exploitable stock based on the minimum catch size established.
    Description of the figures
    To aid the description that is being made and in order to help a clear understanding of the features of the invention, Figure 1 is attached to the present specification:
    "Business Process Model and Notation" diagram showing the sequence of steps in the procedure, where:
    • A is the "bank manager" actor.
    • B is the "producer" actor (shellfish / fisherman or fishing vessel).
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    • C is the actor "ICT System". '
    • (a) is the "evaluation request" event.
    • (b) is the event "work day at the bank"
    • (c) corresponds to "for each temporary unit"
    • (d) is the event "obtaining bank status".
    Preferred embodiment (s)
    The procedure contains the following phases, and steps within the phases:
    Phase 0. Creation of the ICT System
    An ICT system is developed that consists of the following subsystems:
    • Acquisition of information, which in turn is formed:
    o GPS locators. o Artificial vision.
    • Database.
    • Application of exploitation.
    • Analysis and prediction.
    Phase 1. Acquisition Information
    1.1. Initial phase: characterization of the fishing bank, of the biology of the resource, and sampling for the evaluation of its status:
    1. Through the Information Acquisition Subsystem, enter in the database a map of the fishing or shellfish area (bank) with the traditional ecological knowledge of the collectors, which includes data on the oceanographic characteristics of the bank, the composition of fishery resources or shellfish it contains and its limits at different times. To this end, vector maps will be created on maps of the area obtained by any web service provider of maps (for example, GoogleMaps or OpenStreetMap). The characteristics of the fishing area are considered dynamic, so that the same bank can have several references assigned that correspond to different moments of its temporal evolution.
    2. Through the Information Acquisition Subsystem, enter in the database information on the biology of fishery resources in the bank, specifically on population dynamics (growth formulas, natural mortality, height / weight) and reproductive aspects (sexual ratio, fertility formulas, size of sexual maturity).
    3. Enter in the database, using the Information Acquisition Subsystem, an evaluation carried out by the technician / operator before each fishing campaign, but optimized by artificial vision techniques, which provides the status of the resource in
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    A moment of time. The data of an evaluation performed by technician / operator that contains the following information:
    • Instant at the time the evaluation was conducted.
    • A series of sampling points with information assigned in the space. From
    each point has the coordinates (x, y), its surface, and the number of individuals of each size in that area. The number of individuals in each sample is counted and their respective sizes are measured by the artificial vision system, as is the case with the captures of the producers (step (6.2) of Phase 1.2).
    1.2. Daily monitoring of extractive activity:
    4. Producers (shellfish / fishermen or fishing boats) go out to collect the resource by carrying a GPS device that transmits to the Subsystem GPS Locators in real time over wireless networks the position and speed of the producer at regular intervals of time. These positions are stored in the database, associated with the producer and the working day.
    5. When the producer finishes his day, weighs the collected in an electronic weight connected to the Information Acquisition Subsystem, which stores the weight of the catch and the day of capture associated with the producer in the database.
    6. The Artificial Vision Subsystem counts the number of individuals of each size in the capture:
    6.1. The capture is poured into a tray or tape and a digital capture (photo, LIDAR capture, or other mechanism) is performed using a device connected to the Artificial Vision Subsystem.
    6.2. The Artificial Vision Subsystem identifies individuals, counts how many there are, and measures them.
    6.3. Given the length of each individual, the Information Acquisition Subsystem using the size / weight formula of the species introduced in step (2), calculate its weight.
    6.4. In the case of large catches, only a sample of suitable size for the quantification and measurement of individuals is captured digitally, so that a size distribution is constructed. Depending on the weight of the sample, estimated from the individual sizes according to (6.3), and the total weight of the capture, the Information Acquisition Subsystem extrapolates that size distribution to the entire capture, and stores it associated to the producer who obtained it and day of work.
    7. The Information Acquisition Subsystem analyzes the points traveled by the collector for the capture. The system discards the route outside the bank and those journeys made too fast (travel paths, not effective work). The remaining points and their spatial and temporal distribution indicate where and on what surface, the catch was collected and how long it remained in them. This information is stored in the database associated with the collector's capture. In addition, the catch collected and acquired in steps (5) and (6), are distributed spatially among the different areas of the bank based on the analysis of the producer's trajectory made in this step.
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    Phase 2. Evaluation and Prediction Phase:
    8. Create a raster map in the database with the bank limits entered in step (1). Each cell in the raster map must be able to store the number of individuals of each of the possible sizes of the species.
    9. Using the information obtained in step (3) and stored in the database, in the raster map created in step (8), individuals of each size are stored in the cells for which there is data, using their coordinates (x, y) corresponding.
    10. After step (9), we only have the number of individuals (by size) in some points of the space (at the points where measurements were made by the technicians / operators). In order to know the number of individuals at the points where no measurements were made, interpolation techniques are used to fill in those points. To perform this interpolation there are many works in the scientific literature. Just to name a few:
    - Watson, D.F. and Phillip, G. M. 1984. A refinement of inverse distance weighting interpolation, Geoprocessing 2: 315-328.
    - Willmott, C., Robeson, S. and Philpot, W. 1985. Small-scale climate maps: A sensitivity analysis of some common assumptions associated with grid-point interpolation and contouring. American Cartographer 12 (1): 5-16.
    - Dirks, K.N., Hay, J.E., Stow, C.D. and Harris, D. 1998. High-resolution studies of rainfall on Norfolk Island Part II: Interpolation of rainfall data. Journal of Hydrology 208: 187-193.
    - Daly, C., Neilson, R.P. and Phillips, D.L. 1994. A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain. Applied Meteorology 33: 140-15.
    After interpolation we have in the database a raster map where in each cell we have the number of individuals of each size and said map is associated with a point in time. The map and its time point is stored in the database.
    11. A raster map is created per temporary unit, from the initial evaluation (introduced in step (3)) to the point where you want to know the state of the bank. The evaluation can be done using as a temporary unit days, months, years, etc.
    For each temporary unit after the initial evaluation and up to the time point at which the evaluation is requested, the following steps are repeated
    We start with the temporary unit after the initial evaluation, and we process unit by unit in chronological order.
    12. With the data of the catches made during the temporary unit treated; Starting from the raster map of the previous temporal unit, the number of captured individuals is subtracted from each map cell (subtracting from each size class / group).
    For this, the ICT system takes the information calculated in step (7). That is, the captures are subtracted from the map positions following the estimates made in step (7).
    13. Natural mortality formulas are applied: starting from the map resulting from step (12), in each cell of the map the individuals subtracted from the formula indicate that they will die naturally during that temporary unit.
    5 14. Growth formulas are applied: based on the number of individuals in each
    size in each position of the map obtained in step (13), we apply the growth formula obtaining their new measures corresponding to a temporary unit of growth.
    10 15. Starting from the map resulting from step (14), reproduction formulas are applied to
    determine how many individuals are born in the treated temporary unit.
    The whole process is carried out according to the two dimensions (spatial and temporal), that is, they must take into account the individuals who are born and die at each point in time and their
    15 growth corresponding to the temporary unit used.
    After step 15, in each cell we have the number of individuals of each size, and depending on the size, how many are reproductive individuals.
    20 Figure 1 describes the sequence of steps and the principal responsible for carrying out each step.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
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    1. Procedure for monitoring, evaluation and prediction of the status of fishing and shellfish banks, which includes the following phases:
    - Creation of an ICT system.
    - Acquisition of information, through a subsystem for the acquisition of information included in the ICT system created, from GPS locators and artificial vision generated from an artificial vision sub-system.
    - Evaluation and Prediction.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information acquisition phase comprises the following subphases:
    - Characterization of the fishing bank, of the biology of the resource, and sampling for the evaluation of its status.
    - Daily monitoring of extractive activity.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the initial subphase of characterization of the fishing bank, of the biology of the resource, and sampling for the evaluation of its status comprises the following steps:
    - Through the information acquisition subsystem, enter into a database a map of the fishing or shellfish area (bank) with the traditional ecological knowledge of the collectors, which includes data on the oceanographic characteristics of the bank, the composition of fishery resources or shellfish that it contains and its limits at different times, so that, for this purpose, vector maps are created on maps of the area obtained by any web service provider of maps, considering the characteristics of the fishing area dynamic, so that a The same bank may have several references assigned that correspond to different moments of its temporal evolution.
    - Through the information acquisition subsystem, enter into the database information on the biology of fishery resources in the bank, specifically on population dynamics (growth formulas, natural mortality, height / weight) and reproductive aspects ( sexual ratio, fertility formulas, size of sexual maturity).
    - Enter into the database, using the information acquisition subsystem, an evaluation carried out by the technician / operator before each fishing campaign, but optimized by artificial vision techniques, which provides the status of the resource at a time , containing the data of the evaluation carried out by the technician / operator the following information:
    - Instant in the time in which the evaluation is carried out.
    - A series of sampling points with information assigned in space, of
    so that each point has the coordinates (x, y), its surface, and the number of individuals of each size in that area, counting the number of individuals in each sample and measuring their respective sizes by
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    Artificial vision subsystem, as is the case with producers' catches.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the daily monitoring subphase of the extractive activity comprises the following steps:
    - To transmit, to the information acquisition subsystem, GPS locators in real time, through wireless networks, of the position and speed of the producer at regular intervals of time, by means of a GPS device carried by the producers (shellfish / fishermen or fishing boats) that they go out to collect, storing those positions in the database, associated to the producer and to the work day;
    - When the producer finishes his day, weigh the collected in an electronic weight connected to the subsystem of acquisition of information, that stores in the database, associated to the producer, the weight of the capture and the day of capture.
    - Count, by means of the artificial vision subsystem, the number of individuals of each size in the capture.
    - Analyze, by means of the information acquisition subsystem, the points traveled by the collector for the capture, so that the system discards the route outside the bank and those paths made too fast (travel paths, not effective work ), indicating the remaining points and their spatial and temporal distribution where and on what surface the catch was collected and how long it remained in them, storing this information in the database associated with the collector's capture and spatially distributing the collected and acquired capture in the steps of weighing the collected and counting the number of individuals of each size in the capture, between the different areas of the bank based on the analysis of the trajectory of the producer made.
    [5]
    5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the step of counting, by means of the artificial vision subsystem, the number of individuals of each size in the capture comprises:
    - Pour the capture into a tray or tape and perform a digital capture (photo, LIDAR capture, or other mechanism) using a device connected to the artificial vision subsystem.
    - Identify, by means of the artificial vision subsystem, individuals, count how many there are, and measure them.
    - Given the length of each individual, calculate their weight using the information acquisition subsystem, using the size / weight formula of the species introduced in the step of entering information on the biology of fishery resources in the database.
    - In the case of large catches, digitally capture only a sample of suitable size for the quantification and measurement of individuals, so that a size distribution is constructed and, based on the weight of the sample, estimated from the sizes individual according to the step of calculating the weight, and the total weight of the capture, and extrapolar, through the information acquisition subsystem,
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    this distribution of sizes to the entire catch, and store it in the database, associated with the producer that obtained it and the day of work.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the evaluation and prediction phase comprises the following steps:
    - Create in the database a raster map with the bank limits entered in the step of entering in the database of a map of the fishing or shellfish area, each cell of the raster map must be able to store the number of individuals of each of the possible sizes of the species; Store the raster map created in the previous step, using the information obtained in the step of entering the evaluation performed by the technician / operator, the individuals of each size in the cells for which there is data, using their coordinates (x, y) corresponding.
    - Since only the number of individuals (by size) is available at some points in the space (at the points where measurements were made by the technicians / operators), in order to know the number of individuals at the points where they are not made measurements, use interpolation techniques to fill in those points, obtaining in the database a raster map where in each cell you have the amount of individuals of each size and said map is associated with a point in time, storing the map and Your temporary point in the database.
    - Create a raster map by temporary unit, from the initial evaluation (introduced in the step of introducing the evaluation performed by the technician / operator) to the point where you want to know the state of the bank, being able to make the evaluation using as a unit Temporary days, months, years, etc.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, for each temporary unit after the initial evaluation and up to the time point at which the evaluation is requested, the following steps are repeated:
    Starting with the temporary unit after the initial evaluation, and processing unit by unit in chronological order.
    - With the data of the catches made during the treated temporary unit, starting from the raster map of the previous temporary unit, subtract each cell from the map the number of individuals captured (subtracting from each class / size group), so that the catches they are subtracted from the map positions following the estimates made in the step of analyzing the points traveled by the collector.
    - Starting from the map resulting from the previous step, subtract in each cell of the map the individuals that a natural mortality formula indicates that they will die naturally during that temporary unit.
    - Starting from the number of individuals of each size in each position of the map obtained in the previous step, apply a growth formula, obtaining its new measures corresponding to a temporary unit of growth; Starting from the map resulting from the previous step, apply reproduction formulas to determine how many individuals are born in the treated temporal unit, obtaining, for each cell, the number of individuals of each size, and depending on the size, how many are reproductive individuals.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2685331R1|2018-10-15|
    ES2685331B1|2019-04-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP3831786B2|2002-12-13|2006-10-11|独立行政法人水産総合研究センター|Section estimation method of existing amount of floating fish resources, program and recording medium therefor|
    JP2007199879A|2006-01-25|2007-08-09|Fisheries Research Agency|Mechanism of transfer to capital market of fishery risk in purse seine fisheries|
    CN203217619U|2012-11-30|2013-09-25|石狮市飞通通讯设备有限公司|Digital management system for offshore fishing|
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    CN106259095B|2016-08-16|2019-04-02|常州工学院|A kind of judgment method of the behavior of pond cultured freshwater fish to fish culture state|
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